A cold room, also known as a cold storage room or refrigerated storage room, is a specially designed and temperature-controlled environment used for the storage of perishable items at low temperatures to extend their shelf life and maintain their quality. These rooms are commonly utilized in various industries, including food and beverage, pharmaceuticals, and biotechnology. Cold rooms are equipped with refrigeration systems that enable precise temperature control, typically maintained between -20°C to 10°C (-4°F to 50°F), depending on the specific requirements of the items stored. They are insulated to prevent heat transfer and maintain a consistent temperature. These facilities play a crucial role in preserving the freshness and safety of products, such as fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat, vaccines, and medicines, by slowing down the growth of microorganisms, enzymatic reactions, and chemical degradation. The controlled environment also helps in reducing waste and improving inventory management. Cold rooms come in various sizes, from small walk-in units to large industrial facilities, and can be customized to meet specific temperature and storage capacity needs. Their design may include shelving, racks, and pallet storage systems to maximize space utilization. In addition to the temperature control, factors like humidity, air circulation, and lighting are often regulated to suit the particular requirements of the stored items. Overall, cold rooms are indispensable in ensuring the availability of fresh and safe products, reducing food spoilage, and maintaining the efficacy of temperature-sensitive pharmaceuticals, making them essential in numerous sectors of the economy.